Xa umembi wezinto zakudala wafumana iintsalela zecocoo kwingqayi yokusela yasePuebloan kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo, iziphumo zazinkulu.Ukufumana kwakhe itshokolethi kubonise ukuba abahlali basentlango eMazantsi-ntshona eChaco Canyon baberhweba nabavuni bekhocao baseMesoamerican, abanje ngeMaya, ukuya kuthi ga kwi900 CE.

Kodwa izitya zokusela zibaluleke kakhulu njengetshokholethi efihlwe ngaphakathi kuzo.Babubungqina obuphilayo besithethe sokwenza izinto zomdongwe esiqhubekayo kwizizwe eziyinzala yeChaco Canyon Puebloans namhlanje.

Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1900, iMyuziyam yeSizwe yeMbali yeNdalo yakwaSmithsonian yajoyina uhambo lwezinto zakudala olwaqokelela ezinye zeenqanawa ze-cylinder ezivela eChaco Canyon.Ezimbini kuzo ngoku ziboniswa kumboniso wemyuziyam othi “Izinto ezimangalisayo”.Ukufunyanwa kweengqayi kusisikhumbuzo sexesha elidlulileyo lemyuziyam yobukoloniyali, kodwa kule mihla iingcali zenzululwazi ngendalo yamaziko olondolozo lwembali zinenjongo entsha yeengqayi nezinye izinto ezenziwe ngodongwe: ukuzidibanisa nabantu bomthonyama abakhokela ukuvuselelwa kwenkcubeko kwiindawo abahlala kuzo.

Umzekelo, inkqubo yemyuziyam yeRecovering Voices isebenza noluntu lwemveli njengenzala yamaHopi eChaco Puebloans ukuqonda ngcono izithethe zokwenza izinto zomdongwe.Kwakhona izisa ababumbi abasele bekho kwingqokelela ukuze bayifundele isizukulwana esilandelayo.

“Kufuneka siqonde ukuba ihlabathi litshintshe kakhulu kwaye iimyuziyam ezininzi ziye zafikelela kwiindawo ekungafanelanga ukuba zibe nazo.Ngoku kubalulekile ukuhlala phantsi kwaye siphulaphule ukuba abantu kunye noluntu olukhulu banokusixelela ntoni,” utshilo uGqr.“Kuninzi okunokuphuma kuloo nto.Ndicinga ukuba kubalulekile ukuba iMyuziyam yezeNdalo iqhubele phambili kwaye izame ukugxila ngakumbi kuluntu kwixesha elizayo.

Ngasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-12, iChaco Canyon yabona ukuphela kweengqayi zokusela iisilinda.Abantu basePuebloans bapakisha malunga ne-112 yeengqayi kwigumbi elisePueblo Bonito emva koko batshisa igumbi.Nangona babehlala besela itshokolethi, abasasebenzisi iingqayi zesilinda, becebisa ukuba iingqayi zazibaluleke ngokwenkolo njengekoko ngokwayo.

“Ezo zitya zazibonakala zinamandla yaye zatshatyalaliswa ngomlilo.Ubungqina bubonisa ukuba yayiziinqanawa ezikhethekileyo,” watsho uGqr. Patricia Crown, i-archaeologist kwiYunivesithi yaseNew Mexico, owafumanisa i-cocoo kwiingqayi."Iingqayi zesilinda ziphelile, ngelixa ukusela itshokolethi akuzange kwenzeke."

Emva komlilo wengqayi ngo-1100 CE, abantu base-Ancestral Pueblo batshintshela ekuseleni i-cocoo kwiimagi.Iinkcukacha zesithethe sabo se-chocolate cylinder jar zilahlekile ngexesha.

Ukufunda izinto zomdongwe kunokuba luncedo kwizazinzulu ezinomdla wokufunda ngakumbi malunga notshintshiselwano olunzima phakathi koMzantsi-ntshona kunye neMesoamerica.Iingqayi, iimagi okanye izitya ezinemilo efanayo zinokusetyenziselwa iziganeko ezifanayo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.

Kwipodcast yamva nje, uCrown uchaze ukuba umbono wakhe wokuvavanya iingqayi zeChaco malunga nekoko uvela phi.Wayethetha nengcali yaseMayan ebonise ukuba iingqayi zaseMayan zazisetyenziselwa ukusela itshokolethi, kwaye uMqhele wazibuza ukuba iingqayi zeChaco zinokusetyenziswa ngendlela efanayo.Imilo yejagi yaxela kuCrown ukuba bekunokubakho intshukumo exhaphakileyo yezimvo kunye nezithethe kunye netshokholethi yomzimba.

"Kwakungekho ludonga kumda phakathi kwe-United States neMexico, evumela ukusebenzisana, imibono kunye neempahla zokurhweba ukuba zibuyele emva naphambili" watsho uCrown."Kusinceda ukuba sicinge ngendlela izinto ezazihluke ngayo kwiminyaka eyi-1000 eyadlulayo xa sijonga apho sikhoyo ngoku."

Abantu basePuebloans baberhweba ngaphezulu kwekoko.Batshintshiselana ngezimvo, izikhwenene, okunye ukutya, kunye nobuchule bokwenza izinto zomdongwe kunye nempucuko kwihemisphere.

“Oku kuthetha ukuba bekukho abantu ababevuna ikhokhoo kumahlathi aseMesoamerican kwaye bayirhweba ngothungelwano olukhulu ukufikelela kubantu abakumazantsi-ntshona.Ibonisa isiseko solwazi oluphangaleleyo ababenalo abantu,” utshilo uRick.“Kwihlabathi lethu lale mihla lehlabathi, asisoloko sicinga ngabantu, ngaphambi kwe-intanethi kunye nokuhamba ngesininzi, njengokuba babenezi ntlobo zonxibelelwano kwiminyaka eyi-1000 eyadlulayo.

I-Chaco Canyon National Historic Park eNew Mexico ayibukeki ifana naleyo yayisenza kwiiPuebloans ezidlulileyo.Kodwa umwonyo awukaphulukani nentsingiselo yawo yenkcubeko nenkolo kwinzala yeChaco Canyon.Izizwe, kuquka namaHopi, ziyaqhubeka nokuqaphela iChaco Canyon njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yesiko labo.

“Enye yezona zinto ziphambili asikokuthenga ingcamango yokunyamalala kwayo yonke le mpucuko,” utshilo uGqr.“Kusekuninzi kakhulu ukuzalana kwezi ndawo kwaye yileyo ndlela udongwe olungena ngayo kwintsingiselo yalo.Amandla neengcinga kunye nokuyilwa kwezinto ezenziwa ngodongwe kuseyinxalenye enkulu yendlela oluxatyiswa ngayo udongwe namhlanje.”

Ukubuyisela iiVoices lulwimi kunye nenkqubo yokuvuselela inkcubeko edibanisa uluntu lweMveli kunye neengqokelela zeSmithsonian.Ngokomzekelo, ababumbi be-Hopi basebenzisa ukuqokelela ukuququzelela ulwazi lwezizukulwana kwiindawo zabo zokuhlala kunye nentsebenziswano kunye ne-Smithsonian ukuphucula ukuqonda kwayo ukuqokelela ngokwemilinganiselo yeMveli.

“Sinababumbi abavela kwaHopi beze kusebenza nathi kwiingqokelela.Basebenzisa lonke ulwazi abalufumene kolu tyelelo ukunceda izizukulwana ezitsha zifunde ngobudongwe,” utshilo uIsaac.“Abantu baziva bebotshelelwe ngokusondeleyo kwaye besondele kwizinyanya zabo ngokusebenza ngobudongwe.Yindlela yokunxibelelana kwixesha elidlulileyo nelikhoyo. ”

Ngaphambili, iingqayi ze-Chaco cylinder zazisetyenziselwa ukusela itshokolethi.Nangona zingasasetyenziselwa loo njongo, azinanjongo.Zibubungqina obubambekayo bokuba indlela yorhwebo eguquguqukayo phakathi koMzantsi-ntshona kunye neetropiki yayikhona kwaye zikwayimbali ephilayo kubabumbi bezizwe eziyinzala.

“IChaco Canyon kunye neengqayi zayo zizalathisi kolu luntu lokuqhubeka, hayi ukugqabhuka,” utshilo uIsaac.“Kolu luntu, ezi ziimbono ebezisoloko zikhona.Kodwa kubaphengululi bezinto zakudala kunye neengcali zenzululwazi ngendalo, kufuneka sifundiswe ngcono ngaba bantu ukuba ezi ndawo zithetha ukuthini kubo.”

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