Itshokholethi yobisi ithandwa ngabathengi kwihlabathi liphela ngenxa yobumnandi bayo kunye ne-creamy texture.Le dessert inokufumaneka kuzo zonke iintlobo ze-snacks, kodwa ayinampilo ngokupheleleyo.Ngokwahlukileyo, i-tshokoleta emnyama iqulethe amanqanaba aphezulu e-phenolic compounds, enokubonelela ngeenzuzo zezempilo ze-antioxidant, kodwa iphinde ibe nzima, itshokolethi ekrakra.Namhlanje, abaphandi baxela indlela entsha yokudibanisa itshokolethi yobisi kunye nenkunkuma yesikhumba se-peanut kunye nezinye izinto ezilahlwayo zokuphucula iimpawu zayo ze-antioxidant.
Abaphandi babonise iziphumo zabo kwiNkomfa ye-American Chemical Society (ACS) ye-Virtual kunye ne-Expo kwi-Fall 2020. Ingqungquthela ephelile izolo ibonise uluhlu olubanzi lwezihloko zesayensi, kunye neentetho ezingaphezu kwe-6,000.
“Umbono weprojekthi uqale ngokuvavanya umsebenzi webhayoloji weentlobo ezahlukeneyo zenkunkuma yezolimo, ngakumbi izikhumba zamandongomane,” utshilo uLisa Dean, umphandi ophambili wale projekthi."Injongo yethu yokuqala yayikukukhupha i-phenols eluswini kwaye sifumane indlela yokuyixuba nokutya."
Xa abavelisi beqhotsa yaye belungisa amandongomane ukuze benze ibhotolo yamandongomane, iilekese nezinye iimveliso, bayalilahla isikhumba esibomvu esisonge iimbotyi kumaqokobhe azo.Amawakawaka eetoni zezikhumba zamandongomane zilahlwa minyaka le, kodwa kuba zine-15% yeekhompawundi ze-phenolic, zingumgodi wegolide onokubakho kwi-antioxidant biological activity.Ii-Antioxidants aziboneleli kuphela ngeenzuzo zempilo ezichasayo, kodwa zikwanceda ukuthintela ukonakaliswa kokutya.
Ngapha koko, ubukho bendalo beekhompawundi ze-phenolic bunika itshokholethi emnyama incasa ekrakra.Xa kuthelekiswa netshokolethi yobisi yomzala, inamafutha amancinci kunye neswekile.Iintlobo ezimnyama nazo zibiza kakhulu kuneentlobo zobisi ngenxa yezinto eziphezulu ze-cocoa, ngoko ke ukongezwa kwenkunkuma efana nezikhumba ze-peanut kunokubonelela ngeenzuzo ezifanayo kwaye azibizi.Izikhumba zamandongomane ayikuphela kwenkunkuma yokutya enokwandisa itshokholethi yobisi ngolu hlobo.Abaphandi baphinda bahlolisise iindlela zokukhupha kunye nokubandakanya iikhompawundi ze-phenolic ezivela kwiindawo zekofu ezichithwayo, i-tea eyinkunkuma kunye nezinye iintsalela zokutya.
Ukwenza itshokholethi yobisi ephuculweyo, uDean kunye nabaphandi bakhe kwiSebe lezoLimo laseMelika (USDA) iNkonzo yoPhando lwezoLimo basebenze nenkampani yamandongomane ukufumana izikhumba zamandongomane.Ukusuka apho, bagaya ulusu lube ngumgubo baze basebenzise i-ethanol ye-70% ukukhupha i-phenolic compounds.I-lignin eseleyo kunye ne-cellulose ingasetyenziswa njengesondlo sezilwanyana kwi-roughage.Bakwasebenza nabashicileli bekofu basekhaya kunye nabavelisi beti ukusebenzisa iindlela ezifanayo ukukhupha i-antioxidants kwezi zixhobo ukufumana iindawo zekofu ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye namagqabi eti.I-phenolic powder ixutywe kunye nokutya okuqhelekileyo kwe-maltodextrin ukwenzela ukuba kube lula ukudibanisa kwimveliso yokugqibela yetshokolethi yobisi.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-dessert yabo entsha inokudlula umthendeleko wokutya, abaphandi benza i-chocolate ye-square enye apho ukuxinwa kwe-phenols ukusuka kwi-0.1% ukuya kwi-8.1%, kwaye wonke umntu unomqondo oqeqeshiweyo wokunambitha.Injongo kukwenza i-phenolic powder kwincasa yetshokholethi yobisi ingabonakali.Abavavanyi bokungcamla bafumanise ukuba ukugxininiswa okungaphezulu kwe-0.9% kunokubonwa, kodwa ukufakwa kwe-phenolic resin kwi-concentration ye-0.8% kuya kuphazamisa amanqanaba aphezulu omsebenzi webhayoloji ngaphandle kokuncama incasa okanye ukuthungwa.Enyanisweni, ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sabavavanyi bencasa bakhetha i-0.8% ye-phenolic yobisi itshokolethi kwitshokholethi yobisi engalawulekiyo.Le sampuli inomsebenzi ophezulu we-antioxidant wemichiza kuneetshokholethi ezininzi ezimnyama.
Nangona ezi ziphumo zikhuthaza, uDean kunye neqela lakhe lophando bayavuma ukuba amandongomane ayingxaki enkulu ekwaliwayo kokutya.Bavavanya umgubo wephenolic owenziwe eluswini malunga nobukho bezinto ezinokuthi zenzeke.Nangona kungakhange kufunyanwe aleji, bathi iimveliso ezinesikhumba samandongomane kusafuneka zibhalwe njengeziqulathe amandongomane.
Emva koko, abaphandi baceba ukuphonononga ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kwezikhumba ze-peanut, iindawo zekhofi kunye nezinye iimveliso zenkunkuma kwezinye ukutya.Ngokukodwa, uDean unethemba lokuvavanya ukuba i-antioxidants kwizikhumba ze-peanut inokwandisa ubomi beshelufu ye-nut butters, enokuthi ibole ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yezinto ezinamafutha aphezulu.Nangona unikezelo lwetshokholethi ephuculweyo lusekude kwaye kufuneka lunikwe ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi yinkampani, banethemba lokuba iinzame zabo ekugqibeleni ziyakwenza ukuba itshokholethi yobisi kwiishelufa zevenkile enkulu ibengcono.

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