E le ho lelekisa chokolete e hloekileng e lefifi, ha ho hlokahale hore u kenye lisebelisoa leha e le life tse thusang, esita le tsoekere ea motheo, empa ena ke khetho ea ba fokolang ka mor'a tsohle.Ntle le boima ba cocoa, botoro ea cocoa le phofo ea cocoa, tlhahiso e tsebahalang ea chokolete e boetse e hloka metsoako e kang tsoekere, lihlahisoa tsa lebese, lecithin, litatso le li-surfactants.Sena se hloka ho hloekisoa kaMochini oa Conching.
Ho sila le ho hloekisa ha e le hantle ke tsoelo-pele ea mokhoa o fetileng.Le hoja botle ba thepa ea tsokolate ka mor'a ho sila bo fihlile se hlokahalang, ha bo na lubricated ka ho lekaneng 'me tatso ha e khotsofatse.Lisebelisoa tse sa tšoaneng ha li e-s'o kopane ka ho feletseng hore e be tatso e ikhethang.Tatso e 'ngoe e sa thabiseng e ntse e le teng, kahoo ho hlokahala ntlafatso e eketsehileng.
Theknoloji ena e qapiloe ke Rudolph Lindt (mothehi oa Lindt 5 grams) qetellong ea lekholo la bo19 la lilemo.Lebaka leo ka lona e bitsoang "Conching" ke hobane qalong e ne e le tanka e chitja e bōpehileng joaloka khetla ea conch.Conch (conche) e rehiloe ho tsoa ho "concha" ea Sepanishe, e bolelang khetla.Thepa ea mokelikeli oa chokolete e fetoloa khafetsa ke rolara nako e telele ka tankeng e joalo, e sutumelletsa le ho phunya ho fumana lubrication e bobebe, monko o monate le tatso e ikhethang ea tatso, ts'ebetso ena e bitsoa "ho sila le ho hloekisa"
Ha ho ntse ho hloekisoa, ho ka eketsoa lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tse thusang.
Mochini oa Chokolete oa Conching
Ho sa tsotellehe tatso le monate oa tatso o tlisoang ke lisebelisoa tseo tse poteletseng, ho lelekisa tatso ea pele ea tsokolate e hloekileng ea tlhaho e lefifi e bonahala e le bonolo haholoanyane khethong ea mechine le mekhoa.Lithupelo tse ngata tse nyane li ka sebelisa melanger ho phethela tšebetso.Ke taba feela ea nako le boiteko.
Melanger
E talaMlintho tse bonahalangPretreatment
E le ho ikamahanya le litlhoko tsa tekheniki tsa tlhahiso ea chokolete le ho nolofatsa tlhahiso ea ho kopanya, lisebelisoa tse ling tse tala li hloka ho phekoloa esale pele.
- Pheko ea joala ea cocoa le botoro ea cocoa Joala ba cocoa le botoro ea cocoa ke lintho tse tala tse tiileng mochesong oa kamore, kahoo li tlameha ho qhibiliha pele li tsoakoa le lisebelisoa tse ling pele li fepa.Ho qhibiliha ho ka etsoa ka lisebelisoa tsa ho futhumatsa le ho qhibiliha joalo ka lipitsa tsa sandwich kapa litanka tse bolokang mocheso.Mocheso nakong ea ho qhibiliha ha oa lokela ho feta 60°C. Nako ea ho tšoara ka mor'a ho qhibiliha e lokela ho khutsufatsoa ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang 'me e se ke ea e-ba telele haholo.E le ho potlakisa lebelo la ho qhibiliha, lihlahisoa tse ngata tse tala li lokela ho khaoloa likotoana tse nyenyane esale pele, ebe lia qhibiliha.
2. Tsoekere Pretreatment Tsoekere e hloekileng le e omeletseng ea kristale hangata e siloa ebe e siloa hore e be tsoekere e phofshoana pele e tsoakoa le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa chokolete, e le ho kopanya hantle le lisebelisoa tse ling tse tala, ho ntlafatsa ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa tse ntle tsa ho sila le ho lelefatsa bophelo ba ts'ebeletso. thepa.bophelo ba tshebeletso.
Ka kakaretso ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea liloala tsa tsoekere: e' ngoe ke leloala la hamore, 'me e' ngoe ke leloala la meno.Leloala la hamore le entsoe ka hopper, screw feeder, hamore mill, skrineng, lebokose la phofo, le enjene ea motlakase..Tsoekere e nang le granulated e siloa hore e be phofo ea tsoekere ka ho potoloha ka lebelo le phahameng la hlooho ea hamore, ebe e romeloa ka sefe ka palo e itseng ea meshes.Mesh ea sieve e sebelisoang hangata ke 0.6 ~ 0.8mm, 'me karolelano ea matla a tlhahiso ke 150 ~ 200kg/h.The toothed disc grinder e entsoe ka rotating toothed rotating disc le disc e tsitsitseng e phahamisitsoeng ea meno.Tsoekere e oela ka har'a diski ea meno e potolohang ka lebelo le holimo ebe e hohla khahlanong le disc e tsitsitseng ea meno tlas'a tšusumetso e matla.E sila ka tsoekere e phofshoana 'me ue romele ka sieve.Ka karolelano matla a tlhahiso a ka bang 400kg/h.
Ho phaella moo, Khamphani ea Ruitubuler e kile ea hlahisa hore mokhoa o mocha oa ho sila oa mehato e 'meli o ka fokotsa palo ea botoro ea cocoa hoo e ka bang 1.5 ho 3% ha o kopanya tsoekere le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa chokolete ntle le ho etsoa pele, e leng ho loketseng haholoanyane ho sila le ho hloekisa.
Mokhoa ona o bonahalang o rarahane o hloka mokhoa o moholo oa ho hloekisa fektheri le chokolete.
Sistimi ea ho hloekisa chokolete
3. Ho kopanya, ho sila hantle le ho hloekisa
(1) e tsoakiloeng
Ha ho etsoa chokolete, ntho ea pele eo u lokelang ho e etsa ke ho kopanya metsoako e fapaneng ea chokolete, joalo ka boima ba cocoa, phofo ea cocoa, botoro ea cocoa, tsoekere le phofo ea lebese, joalo-joalo, ho etsa sauce e tšoanang ea chokolete.Tlhahiso ea sauce ena ea chokolete e etsoa ke mixer.E, sesebelisoa sa mixer se kenyelletsa mesebetsi ea ho kopanya, ho luba, quantification le ho fepa.Ho ea ka foromo, ka mor'a quantification le ho fepa, e kopantsoe ho etsa boima ba lipid bo boreleli.Botoro ea cocoa e fetoha mohato o tsoelang pele 'me o qhalakanngoa har'a lisebelisoa tse ling.Kopanya lisebelisoa tse fapaneng ka mokhoa o ts'oanang 'me u fane ka maemo a matle bakeng sa ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ea mohloekisi
Ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea li-mixer: e' ngoe ke kneader e kopanyang shaft habeli, 'me e' ngoe ke ea mofuta oa Z ea matsoho a mabeli.Ho na le letoto la mahlaku a likhau tse sekametseng moqomong o mong le o mong oa kneader e kopanyang shaft habeli.Li-shafts tse peli li potoloha ka lehlakoreng le le leng.Makhasi a moputso holim'a li-shaft tse peli a kenngoa ka ho fapanyetsana makhasi a moputso a shaft e haufi.Ho na le lekhalo le itseng ha u atamela le ho tloha.Ka tsela ena, phallo e bōpehileng joaloka cheche e hlahisoa.Thepa e tsamaisana le axis haufi le lebota la pitsa la kneader.Nako le nako ha e fihla qetellong ea lerako la pitsa, tataiso ea phallo e tla fetoha ka tšohanyetso, e ka netefatsang ka ho feletseng ts'ebetso e phahameng ea lisebelisoa.Phallo e ts'oanang e ts'oanang e hlahisa motsamao o pota-potileng oa thepa lipakeng tsa shaft le makhasi a moputso
Li-kneader tsohle li na le lisebelisoa tsa ho kenya li-interlayer ho netefatsa mocheso o sa khaotseng nakong ea ho kopanya le ho luba, hammoho le lisebelisoa tse ngata.Li-silo kapa litanka tsa tsoekere, phofo ea lebese, joala ba cocoa le botoro ea cocoa li kentsoe haufi le kneader.Boima ba lijo le palo ea lijo li ka netefatsa ho nepahala ha metsoako.Ka mor'a hore motsoako o phethoe, o romeloa ts'ebetsong e latelang ka ho fepa ho tsoelang pele.Ts'ebetso eohle ea ho fepa, ho kopanya le ho fepa e ka sebetsoa ke khabinete ea taolo ea matsoho kapa ea laoloa ke lenaneo la komporo.
(2) ho sila hantle
Ha tsoekere e phofshoana e sebelisoa metsoakong, motsoako oa tsokolate o ka feptjoa ka ho toba ho mochini o hloekisang lirolara tse hlano ka mor'a ho tsoakoa.Haeba tsoekere e sebelisoa ho kopanya ka kotloloho le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa chokolete e tala, e hloka ho siloa pele kapa pele, ebe e siloa hantle., ke hore, mokhoa o ka holimo oa mehato e 'meli oa ho sila o ka fokotsa palo ea botoro ea cocoa ka 1.5 ~ 3% ha u kopanya lisebelisoa tsa chokolete,' me palo ea mafura e fokotsehile, haholo hobane sebaka sa tsoekere ea kristale se nyane ho feta seo. ea tsoekere e phofshoana.Ha tsoekere e phofshoana e le ntle, sebaka se seholoanyane, oli e ntse e hasana ka mokhoa o tsoelang pele, kahoo ho sila ka mehato e 'meli ho ka boloka oli.
Ho ea ka litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso ea ho sila, kakaretso ea mafura a sopho e tsoakiloeng ea chokolete e lokela ho ba hoo e ka bang 25%, kahoo palo ea mafura a ekelitsoeng e lokela ho laoloa nakong ea ho kopanya e le hore sauce ea chokolete e se ke ea omella kapa ea koloba haholo. e le ho etsa bonnete ba hore silindara ea silevera e tloaelehile nakong ea ho sila.
Soso ea chokolete e tsoakiloeng e romelloa ho hopper ea grinder ea mantlha ka sekontiri sa screw, kapa e romelloa ka kotloloho ho grinder ea mantlha ka lebanta la conveyor.Li-mill tsa mathomo kapa tse ntle li na le li-feed hoppers le sesebelisoa se thibelang mochini hore o se ke oa omella le ho baka ho teneha ha mochini.Mochine o ka sehloohong oa ho sila ke mochine oa li-lift tse peli, 'me grinder e ntle ke mochine oa li-roller tse hlano o ka kopanngoang ka letoto bakeng sa ho sila hantle, o sa fokotseng feela palo ea oli e sebelisoang, empa hape le likaroloana tse nyenyane le tse nyenyane tsa sauce ka mor'a pele. -ho sila ho thusa haholo ho sila mochine oa li-roller tse hlano le ho hloekisoa ho omileng ha ho hloekisa.
Ka kakaretso, botle ba thepa ea chokolete pele e sila ke hoo e ka bang 100-150um, 'me bophara ba boima ba slurry ea chokolete ka mor'a ho sila hantle ho hlokahala hore e be 15-35um.Lifeme tse nang le tsokolate ea boleng bo botle ka kakaretso li sebelisa mochini o hloekisang lirolara tse hlano, tse khetholloang ka tlhahiso e phahameng le botenya bo tšoanang.Sehlahisoa sa mochine oa li-roll tse hlano se fapana le bolelele ba rolara, 'me mohlala o boetse o khethoa ho ea ka bolelele ba mosebetsi oa rolara.Mefuta ke 900, 1300 le 1800, 'me bolelele ba ho sebetsa ba rolara ke 900mm, 1300mm le 1800mm.400mm, joalo ka mohlala oa 1300, ha botle ba chokolete bo le 18-20um, tlhahiso ke 900-1200kg/hr.
(3) Ho hloekisa
Liphetoho tse rarahaneng tsa 'mele le lik'hemik'hale linthong tsa tsokolate nakong ea ho hloekisa ha li e-s'o utloisisoe ka botlalo.Ka hona, bahlahisi ba bangata ba tsokolate lefats'eng ba ntse ba e nka e le sephiri se patehileng haholo, empa karolo ea ts'ebetso ea ho hloekisa le liphetoho tsa thepa ea tsokolate li bohlokoa haholo.ka ho hlaka.
Ho hloekisa ho na le liphello tse latelang tse hlakileng: mongobo oa lisebelisoa tsa tsokolate o fokotsehile ka ho eketsehileng, 'me li-acids tse setseng le tse sa hlokahaleng tse sa tsitsang ka cocoa sauce lia tlosoa;viscosity ea thepa ea tsokolate e fokotsehile, ho ntlafala ha metsi ho ntlafatsoa, 'me 'mala oa lisebelisoa tsa tsokolate o ntlafatsoa.Liphetoho tsa tatso, monko le tatso li etsa hore thepa ea chokolete e be ntle le ho feta.
Mokhoa le mokhoa oa ho hloekisa
Mokhoa oa ho hloekisa chokolete o bile le liphetoho tse kholo ka nts'etsopele ea tlhahiso.E le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ho hloekisa le ho fumana tatso e ntle ka ho fetisisa ea tsokolate, mokhoa oa ho hloekisa o 'nile oa ntlafatsoa le ho ntlafatsoa ka mokhoa o tsoelang pele,' me mokhoa oa ho hloekisa nako, mocheso, ho omella le ho hloekisoa ha metsi ho khethoa.Mefuta e fapaneng:
nako ea ho hloekisa
Ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa ho hloekisa, thepa ea tsokolate e boemong ba mokelikeli mocheso oa kamore bakeng sa ho hloekisa nako e telele, e nkang lihora tse 48 ho isa ho tse 72, 'me potoloho ea tlhahiso e telele.Mokhoa oa ho khutsufatsa potoloho le ho boloka boleng ba pele bo sa fetohe ke mochini oa sejoale-joale oa ho hloekisoa o sebelisang ho hloekisoa ha mokelikeli o omileng.Ka lebaka leo, nako ea ho hloekisa e ka khutsufatsoa ho lihora tse 24 ho isa ho tse 48.Hape ho 'nile ha etsoa tlhahiso ea hore thepa ea cocoa e ka phekoloa esale pele ka sterilization, deacidification, alkalization, monko o monate le ho halika, e leng seo ho thoeng ke PDAT reactor,' me nako ea ho hloekisa e ka fokotsoa ka halofo.Leha ho le joalo, nako ea ho hloekisa e ntse e le ntlha ea bohlokoa ho boloka boleng ba tsokolate, 'me ho hlokahala nako e itseng ho finyella tatso e bonolo le e boreleli ea chokolete.Mefuta e fapaneng ea chokolete e hloka nako e fapaneng ea ho hloekisa.Mohlala, chokolete ea lebese e hloka nako e khuts'oane ea ho hloekisoa ea lihora tse ka bang 24, athe chokolete e lefifi e nang le cocoa e nka nako e telele ea tlhoekiso, lihora tse ka bang 48.
Mocheso oa ho hloekisa
Ho na le mekhoa e 'meli ea ho laola mocheso oa mokhoa oa ho hloekisa: e' ngoe e hloekisa mocheso o batlang o le tlase oa 45-55 ° C, o bitsoang "cold conching", 'me e' ngoe e hloekisa mocheso o batlang o le holimo oa 70-80. °C, e bitsoang "hot conching".Ho hloekisa (Hot Conching)". Mekhoa ena e 'meli ea ho hloekisa e ka sebelisoa ho mefuta e fapaneng ea chokolete e kang chokolete e lefifi le chokolete ea lebese. Empa ka kakaretso chokolete ea lebese e hloekisoa ho 45-50 ° C, ha tsokolate e lefifi e hloekisoa ka 60-70 °. C. Ha tsokolate ea lebese e hloekisitsoe ka 50 ° C, metsi a eona a fokotseha butle-butle ho tloha ho 1.6-2.0% ho ea ho 0.6-0.8%, 'me ho fokotseha ha kakaretso ea acid e boetse e batla e le nyenyane Haeba mocheso oa conching o eketseha ka 5 ° C , ntlafatso ea viscosity e ka fumanoa 'me nako ea conching e ka khutsufatsoa ha mocheso oa conching o eketseha ho tloha ho 50 ° C ho ea ho 65 ° C, sephetho ke monko o ntlafetseng, viscosity le ho boloka mafura, ntle le ho ama monko o ikhethang oa tsokolate ea lebese; Ka hona, ho hloekisa chokolete ea lebese ka tlase ho 60 ° C ha ho na chelete kapa hona ho utloahala, 'me linaha tsa Europe ka kakaretso li amohela mocheso o phahameng oa ho hloekisa.
Mokhoa oa ho hloekisa
Mokhoa oa tlhoekiso o tsoetse pele ho tloha ho tlhoekiso ea mokelikeli ho ea ho omileng, ho hloekisoa ha metsi le ho omella, polasetiki, ho hloekisa metsi ka litsela tse tharo:
Ho hloekisa metsi:
E boetse e tsejoa e le ho hloekisa mohato oa metsi.Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho hloekisa, lisebelisoa tsa tsokolate li lula li bolokiloe sebakeng se nang le mokelikeli tlas'a ho futhumatsa le ho boloka mocheso.Ka ts'ebetso ea nako e telele ea li-rollers, lisebelisoa tsa tsokolate li lula li phunyeletsoa ebe li fetoha ho kopana le moea o ka ntle, e le hore mongobo o fokotsehe, bohale bo nyamela butle-butle, 'me monko o monate oa tsokolate o fumanoa.Ka nako e ts'oanang, tsokolate ke junifomo Ho qhibiliha ho etsa hore botoro ea cocoa e thehe filimi ea grease ho pota-potile karolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e ntle, ho ntlafatsa lubricity le ho qhibiliha.Ona ke mokhoa oa mantlha oa tlhoekiso oa moetlo, o sebelisoang ka seoelo hona joale.
Ho hloekisa ka metsi le ho omella:
Ts'ebetsong ea ho hloekisa, lisebelisoa tsa tsokolate li feta mekhahlelo e 'meli ka ho latellana, ke hore, boemo bo omeletseng le sethala sa liquefaction, ke hore, mekhahlelo e' meli ea ho hloekisa ka mokhoa o omileng le ho hloekisa metsi ho etsoa hammoho.Ntlha ea pele, kakaretso ea mafura sebakeng se omeletseng se pakeng tsa 25% le 26%, 'me e hloekisoa ka mokhoa oa phofo.Mokhahlelo ona haholo-holo ke oa ho eketsa khohlano, ho reteleha le ho kuta ho etsa hore metsi le lintho tse fetohang li be matla.Mokhahlelong oa bobeli, oli le phospholipids li eketsoa le ho hloekisoa boemong ba mokelikeli ho tsoela pele ho homogenize thepa, ho etsa hore plasmid e be nyane le e boreleli, le ho ntlafatsa monko le tatso.
Ho hloekisa ka mekhahlelo e meraro: mohato o omileng, mohato oa polasetiki le mohato oa metsi:
Mokhahlelo o omileng oa conching: phokotso ea mongobo le metsoako e sa batleheng joalo ka asiti e feto-fetohang, aldehydes, le li-ketone tse setseng ka har'a linaoa tsa cocoa ho ea boemong bo loketseng ntle le ho ama tatso ea ho qetela ea chokolete.
Sethaleng sa ho hloekisa polasetiki: Ntle le ho felisa thepa e kopantsoeng, e boetse e hlahisa phello ea ho ntlafatsa boleng ba molomo joaloka ho hloekisa ka tloaelo.
Mokhahlelo oa ho hloekisa mohato oa metsi: mohato oa ho qetela oa ho hloekisa, ho ntlafatsa ka ho eketsehileng phello ea ho hloekisa ea sethaleng se fetileng, le ho theha tatso e loketseng ka ho fetisisa tlas'a metsi a molemo ka ho fetisisa.
Ka mor'a hore mohato ona o phethoe, sauce ea tsokolate e fetoha hantle 'me e tlotsoe, e nkha monko o monate, 'me e na le khanya e benyang.E ka sebelisoa ho futhumatsa, ho futhumatsa, ho bopa kapa ho etsa li-dessert tse ling tse monate tsa chokolete.
Nako ea poso: Nov-28-2022