Markii cilmi-baaraha qadiimiga ah uu ka helay raadadka haraaga cacao ee dhalooyinka cabbitaanka ee dhululubada Puebloan toban sano ka hor, saameyntu aad bay u weynayd.Helitaanka shukulaatada waxay caddeeyeen in dadka deggan Koonfur-galbeed ee Chaco Canyon ay ka ganacsanayeen kulaylaha kulaylaha ee Cacao-harvesters, sida Maya, ilaa 900 CE.

Laakiin weelasha wax lagu cabbo waxay la mid yihiin shukulaatada ku dhex qarsoon.Waxay caddayn nool u yihiin dhaqan-samaynta dhoobada firfircoon ee ka sii socda qabaa'ilka faraca ee Chaco Canyon Puebloans maanta.

Horraantii 1900-meeyadii, Matxafka Qaranka ee Taariikhda Dabiiciga ah ee Smithsonian wuxuu ku biiray safar qadiimi ah oo ka soo ururiyay qaar ka mid ah weelasha dhululubo ee Chaco Canyon.Laba ka mid ah ayaa hadda lagu soo bandhigay bandhigga "Waxyaabaha yaabka leh" ee madxafka.Soo iibsashada dhalooyinka waxay xasuusin u tahay gumaysigii hore ee madxafku, laakiin waayadan khubarada cilmi-nafsiga ee madxafku waxay leeyihiin ujeedo cusub oo dhalooyinka iyo dheryaha kale: inay ku xidhaan dadka asaliga ah ee hormuudka ka ah soo noolaynta dhaqanka ee bulshadooda.

Tusaale ahaan, barnaamijka soo kabashada codadka madxafku wuxuu la shaqeeyaa bulshooyinka asaliga ah sida faraca Hopi ee Chaco Puebloans si ay si fiican u fahmaan caadooyinka samaynta dhoobada.Waxa kale oo ay keentaa dherya-sameeyeyaasha ururinta si ay jiilka soo socda u daraaseeyaan.

"Waa in aan aqoonsanno in dunidu ay wax badan iska beddeshay oo madxafyo badan ay heleen meelo laga yaabo inaysan haysan.Hadda waa muhiim in aan dib u fadhiisano oo aan dhegaysanno waxa ay dadka iyo bulshooyinka waaweyni ay noo sheegaan,” ayuu yidhi Dr. Torben Rick, oo ah khabiirka cilmiga qadiimiga ee Waqooyiga Ameerika ee madxafka."Wax badan ayaa ka soo bixi kara taas.Waxaan filayaa inay muhiim u tahay Matxafka Taariikhda Dabiiciga ah inuu horay u socdo oo uu isku dayo inuu noqdo mid diirada saaraya mustaqbalka.

Ku dhawaad ​​bilowgii qarnigii 12-aad, Chaco Canyon waxay si lama filaan ah u aragtay dhamaadka dhalooyinka cabbitaannada.Puebloans waxay soo buuxiyeen ku dhawaad ​​112 dhalooyinka waxay galeen qol ku yaal Pueblo Bonito ka dibna waxay qabadsiiyeen qolkii dab.In kasta oo ay cabbi jireen shukulaatada, haddana mar dambe ma ay isticmaalin dhalooyinka dhululubada, iyaga oo soo jeedinaya dhalooyinku in ay diin ahaan muhiim u yihiin sida cacao lafteeda.

“Maraakiibta waxaa loo arkayay kuwo xoog badan, waxaana lagu gubay dab.Caddaynta waxay muujinaysaa inay ahaayeen weelal gaar ah,” ayay tiri Dr. Patricia Crown, oo ah cilmi-nafsiga qadiimiga ah ee Jaamacadda New Mexico, kaasoo ka helay macmacaanka ku jira dhalooyinka."Dharasyada silsiladaha ayaa dhammaaday, halka cabitaanka shukulaatada uusan dhicin."

Dabkii dabkii ka dib 1100 CE, dadyowga Pueblo Ancestral waxay u wareegeen inay cabbaan kookaha.Faahfaahinta cibaadadooda shukulaatada shukulaatada weelkooda ayaa lumaya wakhtiga.

Barashada dhoobada waxay faa'iido u yeelan kartaa saynisyahannada xiisaynaya inay wax badan ka ogaadaan isweydaarsiga murugsan ee u dhexeeya Koonfur-galbeed iyo Mesoamerica.Dhalooyinka, koobabka ama maddiibado leh qaabab isku mid ah ayaa laga yaabaa in loo isticmaalo dhacdooyinka la midka ah ee bulshooyinka kala duwan.

Muuqaal muuqaal ah oo dhowaan la sameeyay, Crown ayaa sharraxday halka ay fikraddeeda ku tijaabinayso dhalooyinka Chaco ee cacao ay ka timid.Waxay la hadlaysay khabiir ku takhasusay Maayga oo tilmaamay in dhalooyinka Maya loo isticmaalo cabitaanka shukulaatada, Crown waxa uu is waydiiyay bal in dhalooyinka Chaco loo isticmaalo si la mid ah.Qaabka weelku wuxuu si maldahan u sheegay Crown in ay jiri karto dhaqdhaqaaq baahsan oo fikrado iyo caadooyin ah iyo sidoo kale shukulaato jireed.

"Ma jirin wax darbi ah oo ku yaal xadka u dhexeeya Maraykanka iyo Mexico, taas oo u oggolaanaysa isdhexgalka, fikradaha iyo badeecooyinka ganacsiga inay hore iyo gadaal u socdaan" ayuu yiri Crown."Waxay naga caawinaysaa inaan ka fikirno sida ay wax u kala duwan yihiin 1000 sano ka hor markaan eegno halka aan hadda joogno."

Puebloans waxay ka ganacsanayeen in ka badan cacao.Waxay isweydaarsadeen fikrado, baqbaqaaqyo, cuntooyin kale, iyo farsamooyin-samaynta dhoobada oo ay la socdaan ilbaxnimooyinka cirifka dhexe.

"Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay inay jireen dad ka goosanayay kaynta Mesoamerican kaymaha Mesoamerican oo ka ganacsanayay shabakad ballaaran si ay u gaaraan dadka Koonfur-galbeed.Waxay muujineysaa aqoonta ballaaran ee ay dadku lahaayeen, ayuu yiri Rick."Dunideena casriga ah ee caalamiga ah, inta badan kama fikirno dadka, intarneedka ka hor iyo gaadiidka dadweynaha ka hor, inay leeyihiin noocyadan isku xirka 1000 sano ka hor."

Beerta taariikhiga ah ee Chaco Canyon ee New Mexico uma eka sidii ay u soo martay Puebloans.Laakin canyon ma lumin muhiimada dhaqan iyo diineed ee faraca Chaco Canyon.Qabiilada, oo ay ku jiraan Hopi, waxay sii wadaan inay aqoonsadaan Chaco Canyon inay tahay qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah dhaqankooda.

"Mid ka mid ah waxyaabaha ugu muhiimsan waa inaan la iibsan fikradda luminta ilbaxnimadan oo dhan," ayuu yiri Dr. Gwyn Isaac, Curator of North American Indigenous Culture ee matxafka."Weli waxaa jira qaraabo aad u badan oo meelahaas ah, sidaas ayaana dheriga macneheedu u soo gelayaa.Firfircoonida iyo fikradaha iyo nashqadaynta lagu dhex wado dhoobada ayaa weli ah qayb ka mid ah sida maanta loo qiimeeyo dharaarta.”

Soo kabashada Codadka waa luuqad iyo barnaamij soo noolayn dhaqameed oo isku xidha bulshooyinka asaliga ah iyo ururinta Smithsonian.Tusaale ahaan, dheri-sameeyayaasha Hopi waxay u isticmaalaan ururinta si ay ugu fududeeyaan aqoonta jiilalkooda ee bulshooyinkooda oo ay la shuraakoobaan Smithsonian si ay u wanaajiyaan fahamkooda ururinta marka la eego qiyamka asaliga ah.

"Waxaan haynaa dheryo-dhaliyayaal ka socda Hopi oo nala soo shaqeeyay ururinta.Waxay isticmaalaan dhammaan aqoonta ay ka soo saaraan booqashada si ay uga caawiyaan jiilalka soo koraya inay bartaan dhoobada," ayuu yidhi Isaac."Dadku waxay dareemayaan inay ku xidhan yihiin oo ay u dhow yihiin awoowayaashood iyagoo la shaqeynaya dhoobada.Waa hab lagu xidhiidhiyo wixii hore iyo hadda.

Waagii hore, dhalooyinka Chaco cylinders ayaa lagu cabbi jiray shukulaatada.Inkasta oo aan hadda loo isticmaalin ujeedadaas, maaha kuwo aan ujeedo lahayn.Waxa ay marag madoonto ah u yihiin in uu jiro dariiq ganacsi oo firfircoon oo u dhexeeya Koonfur-galbeed iyo kulaylaha iyo sidoo kale taariikh nololeed oo u ah dheriya-qabyaalada.

"Chaco Canyon iyo dherigiisa ayaa tilmaamaya bulshooyinkan sii socoshada, ee maaha dillaac," ayuu yidhi Isaac."Bulshooyinkan, kuwani waa fikrado weligood jiray.Laakiin cilmi-baarayaasha qadiimiga ah iyo cilmi-nafsiga, waa inaan si wanaagsan u barano bulshooyinkan waxa ay meelahani uga dhigan yihiin.

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