Mumwe muongorori wezvinocherwa mumatongo paakawana zvisaririra zvecocoo mumagaba ekunwira ePuebloan makore gumi apfuura, zvairehwa zvacho zvakanga zvakakura.Kuwana kwake chokoreti kwakaratidza kuti vagari vemurenje vekuMaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero muChaco Canyon vanga vachitengeserana nevakohwi vekuMesoamerican cacao-vakohwe, seMaya, kumashure kwe900 CE.

Asi midziyo yekunwira yakakosha sechokoreti yakavanzwa mukati mayo.Ivo umboo mhenyu hwetsika ine simba yekugadzira hari inoenderera mberi mumadzinza eChaco Canyon Puebloans nhasi.

Mukutanga kwema1900, Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History yakabatana nerwendo rwekuchera matongo rwakatora mamwe emidziyo yehumburumbira kubva kuChaco Canyon.Zviviri zvacho zvave kuratidzwa pashow ye "Objects of Wonder" yemumuseum.Kutorwa kwemagaba chiyeuchidzo chekare chemumyuziyamu yekoloni, asi mazuvano vanoongorora anthropology yemumuseum vane chinangwa chitsva chezvirongo nezvimwe zvehari: kuzvibatanidza nevanhu veko vari kutungamira kumutsiridza tsika munharaunda dzavanogara.

Semuyenzaniso, chirongwa chemuseum cheKudzoreredza Manzwi chinoshanda nevagari veko sevana veHopi veChaco Puebloans kuti vanzwisise zviri nani tsika dzekugadzira hari.Inounzawo vaumbi vakagadzirwa kune muunganidzwa kuti vagone kuidzidza kune chizvarwa chinotevera.

“Tinofanirwa kuziva kuti nyika yachinja zvakanyanya uye mamiziyamu mazhinji akawana nzvimbo dzaasingafanire kuwana.Zvino zvakakosha kuti tigare pasi tichiteerera zvatinoudzwa nevanhu nenharaunda huru,” akadaro Dr. Torben Rick, Curator weNorth American Archaeology pamuseum.“Zvakawanda zvinogona kubuda ipapo.Ini ndinofunga zvakakosha kuti Natural History Museum ienderere mberi uye kuyedza kuve yakanyanya kutariswa munharaunda mune ramangwana.

Mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi 12, Chaco Canyon kamwe kamwe yakaona kupera kwemasilinda ekunwira zvirongo.MaPuebloans akarongedza akatenderedza 112 yezvirongo mukamuri muPueblo Bonito ndokuzopisa imba yacho.Kunyangwe vakaramba vachinwa chokoreti, vaive vasisashandise zvirongo zvehumburumbira, zvichiratidza kuti zvirongo zvaive zvakakosha pakunamata sekoko pachayo.

“Midziyo yacho yakaonekwa seine simba uye yakaparadzwa nemoto.Uchapupu hunoratidza kuti dzakanga dziri midziyo inokosha,” akadaro Dr. Patricia Crown, nyanzvi yezvinocherwa mumatongo paYunivhesiti yeNew Mexico, akawana cacao iri mumagaba."Silinda zvirongo zvakapera, nepo kunwa chokoreti hakuna."

Mushure memoto wehari muna 1100 CE, vanhu veAncestral Pueblo vakashandura kunwa cocoo kubva mumagi.Iwo ruzivo rwechokoreti cylinder jar tsika yavo yakarasika nenguva.

Kudzidza zvehari kunogona kubatsira kune vesainzi vane shungu yekudzidza zvakawanda nezve shanduko yakaoma pakati peSouthwest neMesoamerica.Zvirongo, makogi kana mbiya dzine maumbirwo akafanana zvinogona kushandiswa kuzviitiko zvakafanana munharaunda dzakasiyana.

Mune podcast ichangoburwa, Crown akatsanangura kwakabva zano rake rekuyedza zvirongo zveChaco zvecocoo.Aitaura nenyanzvi yeMayan iyo yakaratidza kuti zvirongo zveMayan zvaishandiswa kunwa chokoreti, uye Crown akashamisika kana zvirongo zveChaco zvingave zvakashandiswa nenzira imwe cheteyo.Chimiro chechirongo chakanongedza kuCrown kuti paigona kunge paine kufamba kwakapararira kwemazano netsika pamwe nechokoreti yemuviri.

"Pakanga pasina madziro pamuganhu pakati peUnited States neMexico, zvichibvumira kudyidzana, mazano uye zvinhu zvekutengesa kuti zvifambe nekudzoka" akadaro Crown."Zvinotibatsira kufunga nezvekusiyana kwakange kwakaita zvinhu makore 1000 apfuura kana tichitarisa patiri ikozvino."

MaPuebloans aitengesa kudarika cocoo.Vakachinjana mazano, maparrots, zvimwe zvekudya, uye hunyanzvi hwekugadzira hari nebudiriro mhiri kwehemisphere.

"Izvi zvinoreva kuti kune vanhu vaikohwa cacao mumasango eMesoamerican uye vachiitengesa kuburikidza netiweki yakakura kuti vasvike vanhu vekuMaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero.Zvinoratidza ruzivo rwakadzama rwaive nevanhu,” akadaro Rick."Munyika yedu yemazuva ano yepasi rose, isu kazhinji hatifunge nezve vanhu, pre-internet uye pre-mafambo ekufambisa, sekuve nemhando idzi dzekubatanidza makore anopfuura 1000 apfuura."

Iyo Chaco Canyon National Historic Park muNew Mexico haina kutaridzika zvakafanana sezvayakaita kune yakapfuura Puebloans.Asi iyo canyon haina kurasikirwa nekukosha kwayo kwetsika nechitendero kune vazukuru veChaco Canyon.Madzinza, kusanganisira maHopi, vanoramba vachiona Chaco Canyon sechikamu chakakosha chetsika yavo.

“Chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru hachisi chokutenga pfungwa yokutsakatika kweiyi budiriro yose,” akadaro Dr. Gwyn Isaac, Mutarisiri weNorth American Indigenous Culture pamuseum.“Kune hukama hwakakura nenzvimbo idzi uye ndiwo mapindiro azvinoita mudziyo mukureva.Hunhu uye mazano nemagadzirirwo anofambiswa nehari zvichiri chikamu chekukosheswa kwehari nhasi. "

Kudzoreredza Manzwi chirongwa chemutauro uye tsika chekusimudzira chinobatanidza nharaunda dzeMarudzi nemaSmithsonian muunganidzwa.Semuenzaniso, Hopi potters vanoshandisa zvakaunganidzwa kufambisa ruzivo rwemarudzi munharaunda dzavanogara uye vanobatana neSmithsonian kunatsiridza manzwisisiro ayo ezviunganidzwa maererano nehunhu hweIndigenous.

“Tine vaumbi vehari vekuHopi vanouya kuzoshanda nesu pakuunganidza.Vanoshandisa ruzivo rwese rwavanobura kubva mukushanya uku kubatsira vechidiki kuti vadzidze nezvehari,” akadaro Isaac.“Vanhu vanonzwa vakasungwa uye vari pedyo nemadzitateguru avo nekushanda nehari.Iyo inzira yekubatanidza kune yakapfuura neyazvino. ”

Kare, Chaco cylinder jar dzaishandiswa kunwa chocolate.Kunyange zvazvo dzisisashandiswi nokuda kwechinangwa ichocho, hadzisi dzisina chinangwa.Iwo ufakazi hunopwisa hwokuti nzira yokutengeserana ine simba pakati peMaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero nenzvimbo dzinopisa yakanga iripo uye ivo inhau inorarama kuvazukuru vavaumbi vehari.

"Chaco Canyon nehari yayo zviratidzo zvekuenderera mberi kwenharaunda idzi, kwete kuputika," akadaro Isaac.“Kunharaunda idzi, idzi pfungwa dzagara dziripo.Asi kune vanochera matongo nenyanzvi dzezvemagariro evanhu, tinofanira kudzidziswa zviri nani nenharaunda idzi kuti nzvimbo idzi dzinorevei kwavari.”

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