Pofunafuna chokoleti choyera chakuda, simukusowa kuwonjezera zipangizo zina, ngakhale shuga wofunikira kwambiri, koma uku ndiko kusankha kwa ochepa.Kuphatikiza pa cocoa mass, batala wa koko ndi ufa wa cocoa, kupanga chokoleti chodziwika kumafunikiranso zinthu monga shuga, mkaka, lecithin, zokometsera ndi zowonjezera.Izi zimafuna kuyengedwa ndiMakina Odzaza.
Kupera ndi kuyenga kwenikweni ndiko kupitiriza kwa ndondomeko yapitayi.Ngakhale kuti fineness ya zinthu za chokoleti pambuyo pogaya yafika pachofunikira, sichimatenthedwa mokwanira ndipo kukoma kwake sikokwanira.Zida zosiyanasiyana sizinaphatikizidwe mokwanira kukhala kukoma kwapadera.Kukoma kwina kosasangalatsa kudakalipo, kotero kukonzanso kwina kumafunika.
Tekinoloje iyi idapangidwa ndi Rudolph Lindt (woyambitsa Lindt 5 magalamu) kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19.Chifukwa chomwe imatchedwa "Conching" ndi chifukwa poyamba inali thanki yozungulira yopangidwa ngati chipolopolo cha conchi.Conch (conche) amatchulidwa kuchokera ku Spanish "concha", kutanthauza chipolopolo.Chokoleti chamadzimadzi chamadzimadzi chimatembenuzidwa mobwerezabwereza ndi chodzigudubuza kwa nthawi yayitali mu thanki yotere, kukankhira ndi kusisita kuti tipeze mafuta okhwima, kusakaniza fungo ndi kukoma kwapadera, njirayi imatchedwa "kugaya ndi kuyenga"
Pamene mukuyenga, zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zothandizira zikhoza kuwonjezeredwa.
Makina Odzaza Chokoleti
Mosasamala kanthu za kukoma ndi kukoma kosangalatsa komwe kumabwera ndi zida zobisika izi, kufunafuna kukoma koyambirira kwa chokoleti choyera chakuda kumawoneka ngati kosavuta pakusankha makina ndi njira.Maphunziro ang'onoang'ono ambiri amatha kugwiritsa ntchito melanger kuti amalize ntchitoyi.Ndi nkhani ya nthawi ndi khama.
Melanger
YaiwisiMzakuthupiPkubwereranso
Kuti zigwirizane ndi zofunikira zaukadaulo pakupanga chokoleti ndikuwongolera kupanga kusakaniza, zida zina zopangira ziyenera kukonzedwa kale.
- Kutenthetsa mowa wa koko ndi batala wa koko Mowa wa koko ndi batala wa koko ndi zinthu zolimba zomwe zimatenthedwa kutentha, choncho ziyenera kusungunuka musanasakanize ndi zipangizo zina musanadye.Kusungunula kumatha kuchitidwa pazida zotenthetsera ndi kusungunula monga miphika ya masangweji kapena matanki oteteza kutentha.Kutentha pa nthawi yosungunuka sikuyenera kupitirira 60°C. Nthawi yogwira pambuyo pa kusungunuka iyenera kufupikitsidwa momwe zingathere ndipo isakhale yaitali kwambiri.Pofuna kufulumizitsa liwiro losungunuka, zopangira zambiri ziyenera kudulidwa mu tiziduswa tating'ono pasadakhale, kenako zimasungunuka.
2. Shuga pretreatment Shuga woyera ndi wowuma crystallized nthawi zambiri wophwanyidwa ndi kupedwa shuga ufa asanasakanizidwe ndi zina zopangira chokoleti, kuti asakanizike bwino ndi zopangira zina, kupititsa patsogolo kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zipangizo zopera bwino ndi kutalikitsa moyo utumiki wa zida.moyo wautumiki.
Nthawi zambiri pali mitundu iwiri ya mphero za shuga: imodzi ndi mphero ya nyundo, ndipo inayo ndi mphero ya mano.Chigayo cha nyundo chimapangidwa ndi hopper, screw feeder, nyundo, chophimba, bokosi la ufa, ndi mota yamagetsi..Shuga wa granulated amasiyidwa kukhala ufa wa shuga ndi kusinthasintha kothamanga kwa mutu wa nyundo, ndiyeno amatumizidwa kudzera mu sieve ndi ma meshes angapo.Ma mesh omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi 0.6 ~ 0.8mm, ndipo mphamvu yopangira ndi 150 ~ 200kg/h.Chopukusira chamtundu wa mano chimapangidwa ndi diski yozungulira yozungulira ya mano ndi chimbale chokwezeka chokhazikika.Shuga amagwera mu diski ya mano yothamanga kwambiri ndipo amapaka pa disc yokhazikika ya mano pansi pazovuta kwambiri.Pogaya mu ufa shuga ndi kutumiza izo kupyolera sieve.Avereji mphamvu yopanga ndi za 400kg/h.
Kuphatikiza apo, kampani ya Ruitubuler idawonetsa kale kuti njira yatsopano yogaya magawo awiri imatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa batala wa cocoa pafupifupi 1.5 mpaka 3% posakaniza shuga ndi zinthu zina za chokoleti popanda preatment, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri kugaya ndi kuyenga.
Njira yowoneka ngati yovutayi imafuna fakitale yayikulu komanso makina oyenga chokoleti.
Chokoleti choyenga dongosolo
3. Kusakaniza, kupera bwino ndi kuyenga
(1) kusakaniza
Popanga chokoleti, chinthu choyamba kuchita ndikusakaniza zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana za chokoleti, monga cocoa mass, cocoa powder, cocoa butter, sugar and milk powder, etc., kukhala yunifolomu ya chokoleti msuzi.Kupanga kwa msuzi wa chokoleti uku kumachitika ndi chosakanizira.Inde, chipangizo cha chosakanizira chimaphatikizapo ntchito za kusakaniza, kukanda, quantification ndi kudyetsa.Malinga ndi chilinganizo, pambuyo quantification ndi kudyetsa, izo zimasakanizidwa kupanga yosalala lipid misa.Batala wa Cocoa amakhala gawo lopitilira ndipo amamwazikana pakati pa zida zina.Phatikizani zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana molingana ndikupereka mikhalidwe yabwino kuti mugwire bwino ntchito yoyenga
Pali mitundu iwiri ya osakaniza: imodzi ndi yophatikizira shaft iwiri, ndipo ina ndi yapawiri mkono Z-mtundu kneader.Pali mndandanda wamasamba omwe amatsatiridwa pamtengo uliwonse wa makina osakaniza a shaft awiri.Miyendo iwiriyi imazungulira mbali imodzi.Mphotho imasiya pamiyendo iwiriyi imalowetsedwa m'masamba amphotho a shaft yoyandikana nayo.Pali kusiyana kwina pamene mukuyandikira ndi kuchoka.Mwanjira iyi, kutuluka kwa mphesa kumapangidwa.Zinthuzo zimayendera limodzi ndi nsonga yomwe ili pakhoma la mphika wa kneader.Nthawi iliyonse ikafika kumapeto kwa khoma la mphika, kayendedwe ka kayendedwe kadzasintha mwadzidzidzi, zomwe zingathe kutsimikizira kuti zinthuzo zikugwira ntchito mofulumira kwambiri.Kuyenda koyera kofanana kumapangitsa kuyenda kozungulira kwa zinthu pakati pa tsinde ndi masamba a mphotho
Ma kneader onse ali ndi zida zotchingira ma interlayer kuti zitsimikizire kutentha kosalekeza pakusakaniza ndi kukanda, komanso zida zochulukira.Ma silo kapena akasinja a shuga, ufa wamkaka, mowa wa koko ndi batala wa koko amaikidwa pafupi ndi chopondera.Kuyeza kulemera kwa chakudya ndi kuchuluka kwake kungatsimikizire kulondola kwa zosakaniza.Kusakaniza kutatha, kumatumizidwa ku njira yotsatira kudzera mu kudyetsa kosalekeza.Njira yonse yodyetsera, kusakaniza ndi kudyetsa ikhoza kuyendetsedwa ndi kabati yoyang'anira pamanja kapena kuyendetsedwa ndi pulogalamu ya pakompyuta.
(2) kugaya bwino
Pamene shuga wa ufa amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzosakaniza, phala la chokoleti likhoza kudyetsedwa mwachindunji kwa makina oyeretsera asanu atatha kusakaniza.Ngati shuga agwiritsidwa ntchito kusakaniza mwachindunji ndi zopangira zina za chokoleti, ziyenera kukhala zoyamba kapena zopukutidwa, kenako ndikuthira bwino., ndiko kuti, njira ziwiri zomwe zili pamwambazi zitha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa batala wa koko ndi 1.5-3% posakaniza zinthu za chokoleti, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mafuta kumakhala kochepa, makamaka chifukwa gawo la shuga la crystalline ndi laling'ono kuposa ilo. wa ufa shuga.Kuchuluka kwa shuga wa ufa, kukulirakulirapo, mafuta ochulukirapo amamwazikana mosalekeza mu mawonekedwe ake, kotero kuti kugaya magawo awiri kumatha kupulumutsa mafuta.
Malinga ndi zofunikira pakugaya, mafuta onse a msuzi wosakanikirana wa chokoleti amafunika kukhala pafupifupi 25%, kotero kuchuluka kwa mafuta owonjezera kuyenera kuwongoleredwa pakusakaniza kuti msuzi wa chokoleti usakhale wouma kapena wonyowa kwambiri, kuti muwonetsetse kuti silinda yasiliva ndiyabwinobwino panthawi yopera.
Msuzi wa chokoleti wosakanizidwa umatumizidwa ku hopper ya chopukusira choyambirira ndi chopukusira, kapena kutumizidwa mwachindunji ku chopukusira choyambirira kudzera pa lamba wotumizira.Makina a pulayimale kapena abwino amakhala ndi ma feed hopper ndi chida chomwe chimalepheretsa makinawo kuti asawume ndikupangitsa kuti makina azivala.Chopukusira chachikulu ndi makina onyamula awiri, ndipo chopukusira chabwino ndi makina odzigudubuza asanu omwe amatha kulumikizidwa mndandanda kuti akupera bwino, zomwe sizimangochepetsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatulutsa msuzi pambuyo pa pre. -kupukuta kumathandiza kwambiri pogaya makina odzigudubuza asanu ndi kupukuta kowuma kwa woyenga.
Nthawi zambiri, fineness wa zinthu za chokoleti musanagaye ndi za 100-150um, ndipo m'mimba mwake wa slurry chokoleti pambuyo pogaya bwino ayenera kukhala 15-35um.Mafakitole okhala ndi chokoleti chabwino nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito makina oyenga ma roller asanu, omwe amadziwika ndi kutulutsa kwakukulu komanso makulidwe ofanana.Kutulutsa kwa makina asanu-roll kumasiyanasiyana ndi kutalika kwa wodzigudubuza, ndipo chitsanzocho chimatsimikiziridwanso molingana ndi kutalika kwa ntchito ya wodzigudubuza.Zitsanzo ndi 900, 1300 ndi 1800, ndipo kutalika kwa wodzigudubuza ndi 900mm, 1300mm ndi 1800mm.400mm, monga chitsanzo 1300, pamene ubwino wa chokoleti ndi 18-20um, zotsatira zake ndi 900-1200kg / h.
(3) Kuyenga
Kusintha kovutirapo kwa thupi ndi mankhwala muzinthu za chokoleti panthawi yoyenga sikunamveke bwino.Choncho, ambiri opanga chokoleti padziko lapansi amaonabe kuti ndi chinsinsi chobisika kwambiri, koma udindo wa kuyeretsa ndi kusintha kwa zinthu za chokoleti ndizofunikira kwambiri.mwachiwonekere.
Kuyeretsa kumakhala ndi zotsatirazi zoonekeratu: chinyezi cha chokoleti chimachepetsedwa, ndipo zotsalira ndi zosafunikira zosasunthika mu msuzi wa kaka zimachotsedwa;kukhuthala kwa zinthu za chokoleti kumachepetsedwa, kusungunuka kwa zinthuzo kumakhala bwino, ndipo mtundu wa zinthu za chokoleti umakhala wabwino.Kusintha kwa kakomedwe, kununkhira ndi kukoma kumapangitsa kuti chokoleticho chikhale chosalala komanso chosalala.
Njira yoyenga ndi njira
Njira yoyeretsera chokoleti yasintha kwambiri ndikukula kwa kupanga.Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yoyenga ndikupeza kukoma kokoma kwa chokoleti ndi kukoma kwake, njira yoyenga yakhala ikuwongolera mosalekeza ndikuwongolera, ndipo njira yoyeretsera nthawi, kutentha, kuyeretsa kowuma ndi kunyowa kumakondedwa.Zosiyanasiyana:
kuyeretsa nthawi
M'njira yoyenga yachikhalidwe, zinthu za chokoleti zimakhala m'malo amadzimadzi otentha kutentha kwanthawi yayitali, zomwe zimatenga maola 48 mpaka 72, ndipo nthawi yopanga ndi yayitali.Momwe mungafupikitsire kuzungulira ndikusunga mtundu wapachiyambi wosasinthika ndi makina oyenga amakono omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kuyeretsa gawo lamadzimadzi.Zotsatira zake, nthawi yoyenga imatha kufupikitsidwa kukhala maola 24 mpaka 48.Zaperekedwanso kuti zinthu za cocoa zitha kuthandizidwa kale ndi kutsekereza, deacidification, alkalization, kununkhira kwa fungo labwino ndikuwotcha, zomwe zimatchedwa PDAT reactor, ndipo nthawi yoyenga imatha kuchepetsedwa ndi theka.Komabe, nthawi yoyenga ikadali chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakusunga chokoleti chabwino, ndipo nthawi yochulukirapo imafunika kuti mukwaniritse kukoma kosalala komanso kosalala kwa chokoleti.Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chokoleti imafuna nthawi yosiyana yoyenga.Mwachitsanzo, chokoleti yamkaka imafunikira nthawi yayifupi yoyenga pafupifupi maola 24, pomwe chokoleti chakuda chokhala ndi koko wambiri chimatenga nthawi yayitali yoyenga, pafupifupi maola 48.
Kutentha kutentha
Pali njira ziwiri zoyendetsera kutentha kwa njira yoyeretsera: imodzi ikuyenga pa kutentha kochepa kwa 45-55 ° C, komwe kumatchedwa "cold conching", ndipo inayo ikuyenga pa kutentha kwakukulu kwa 70-80. °C, yotchedwa "hot conching".Kuyeretsa (Hot Conching)". Njira ziwiri zoyenga izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chokoleti monga chokoleti chakuda ndi chokoleti chamkaka. Koma kawirikawiri chokoleti yamkaka imayengedwa pa 45-50 ° C, pomwe chokoleti chakuda chimayengedwa pa 60-70 °. C. Pamene chokoleti cha mkaka chikuyengedwa pa 50 ° C, madzi ake amachepetsa pang'onopang'ono kuchokera ku 1.6-2.0% mpaka 0.6-0.8%, ndipo kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha asidi kumakhalanso kochepa , kusintha kwa viscosity kungapezeke ndipo nthawi ya conching ikhoza kufupikitsidwa pamene kutentha kwa conching kumawonjezeka kuchokera ku 50 ° C mpaka 65 ° C, zotsatira zake zimakhala bwino kununkhira, kutsekemera komanso kupulumutsa mafuta, popanda kusokoneza fungo lapadera la chokoleti cha mkaka; Choncho, kuyenga chokoleti cha mkaka pansi pa 60 ° C sikopanda ndalama kapena koyenera, ndipo mayiko a ku Ulaya nthawi zambiri amatengera kutentha kwapamwamba.
Njira yoyeretsera
Njira yoyenga idachokera ku kuyenga kwamadzimadzi mpaka kuuma, kuyenga kwamadzimadzi ndi kuuma, pulasitiki, kuyenga kwamadzimadzi m'njira zitatu:
Kuyenga zamadzimadzi:
Amatchedwanso kuti madzi gawo kuyenga.Panthawi yoyenga, zinthu za chokoleti nthawi zonse zimasungidwa m'malo osungunuka pansi pa kutentha ndi kuteteza kutentha.Kupyolera mukuyenda kwa nthawi yaitali kwa odzigudubuza, zinthu za chokoleti zimagwedezeka nthawi zonse ndikutembenuzidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi mpweya wakunja, kotero kuti chinyezi chichepetse, kuwawa kumasowa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo fungo labwino la chokoleti limapezeka.Nthawi yomweyo, chokoleti ndi yunifolomu Kusungunuka kumapangitsa batala wa koko kupanga filimu yamafuta mozungulira tinthu tating'onoting'ono, kumapangitsa kuti mafuta azisungunuka komanso kusungunuka.Iyi ndi njira yoyenga yoyambirira, yomwe siigwiritsidwe ntchito pano.
Dry and liquid kuyenga:
Pakuyenga, zinthu za chokoleti zimadutsa magawo awiri motsatizana, ndiko kuti, malo owuma ndi gawo la liquefaction, ndiko kuti, magawo awiri a kuyenga kowuma ndi kuyenga kwamadzi kumachitika palimodzi.Choyamba, mafuta okwana mu gawo louma ali pakati pa 25% ndi 26%, ndipo amayengedwa mu mawonekedwe a ufa.Gawo ili makamaka kuonjezera kukangana, kutembenuka ndi kumeta ubweya kuti volatilize madzi ndi kusakhazikika zinthu.Mu gawo lachiwiri, mafuta ndi phospholipids amawonjezeredwa ndikuyengedwa mumadzimadzi kuti apititse patsogolo homogenize zinthuzo, kupanga plasmid kukhala yaying'ono komanso yosalala, ndikuwongolera kununkhira ndi kukoma.
Kuyenga mu magawo atatu: youma gawo, pulasitiki gawo ndi madzi gawo:
Dry conching stage: kuchepa kwa chinyezi ndi zinthu zosafunikira monga ma asidi osakhazikika, aldehydes, ndi ma ketoni otsalira mu nyemba za koko mpaka pamlingo woyenera osakhudza kukoma komaliza kwa chokoleti.
Pulasitiki kuyengedwa siteji: Kuphatikiza kuchotsa zinthu agglomerated, amakhalanso ndi zotsatira kukweza pakamwa pakamwa monga kuyenga chikhalidwe.
Gawo la kuyenga lamadzimadzi: gawo lomaliza loyenga, kupititsa patsogolo kusintha kwa gawo lapitalo, ndikupanga kununkhira koyenera kwambiri pansi pa madzi abwino kwambiri.
Izi zikatha, msuzi wa chokoleti umakhala wabwino komanso wothira mafuta, fungo lonunkhira komanso lonyezimira.Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutenthetsa, kutenthetsa, kuumba kapena kupanga maswiti ena okoma a chokoleti.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-28-2022