He meaʻai kaulana ke kokoleka, akā, ʻaʻohe ʻono a honi paha nā pīni koko i hana ʻia i kaʻa kokoleka a i ʻole nā ​​kukui ʻē aʻe i kekahi manawa, e ʻono ai ka ʻono o ka huahana hope.Eia naʻe, ʻaneʻane ʻaʻohe mea i ʻike i ke ʻano o nā pūhui e pili ana i kēia mau ʻala.Ma hope o ka hoʻomohu pono ʻia ʻana o nā pī koko, e loaʻa iā lākou kahi ʻala pua ʻono.Akā inā hele hewa ke kaʻina hana fermentation, a maikaʻi ʻole nā ​​kūlana mālama, a ulu nā microorganisms ma luna, e hoʻopuka lākou i kahi ʻala maikaʻi ʻole.Inā komo kēia mau kīʻaha kofe i ke kaʻina hana, e hoʻopuka ka kokoleka i kahi ʻala maikaʻi ʻole, kahi e alakaʻi ai i nā hoʻopiʻi a me nā hoʻomanaʻo.Ua hoʻohana ka poʻe noiʻi i ke kinoea chromatography, olfactory assays, a me mass spectrometry no ka ʻike ʻana i nā molekala 57 i ʻike ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona ʻala o nā pī koko maʻamau a me nā pī koko polū.Ma waena o kēia mau pūhui, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka 4 i loko o nā mea ʻono ʻole.Ma hope o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, ua hoʻoholo ka hui noiʻi ʻo geosmin-e pili ana i nā mea ʻala a me nā ʻala beetroot, a me 3-methyl-1H-indole—e pili ana i ka ʻala o nā feces a me nā pōpō camphor, ke kuleana o ka ʻala a me ka ʻala o ka koko kumu nui.ʻO ka mea hope loa, ua ʻike lākou aia ka geosmin i loko o ka husk bean a hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia i ka wā e hana ai;Aia ka 3-methyl-1H-indole ma ka piko o ka pī, i hana ʻia i ke kokoleka.