Don neman tsantsar cakulan cakulan, ba kwa buƙatar ƙara kowane kayan taimako, har ma da mafi ƙarancin sukari, amma wannan shine zaɓi na tsirarun bayan duk.Baya ga yawan koko, man shanu da kuma foda koko, shahararren cakulan kuma yana buƙatar sinadarai irin su sukari, kayan kiwo, lecithin, dadin dandano da abubuwan surfactants.Wannan yana buƙatar tacewa taInjin Conching.
Nika da tacewa haƙiƙa ci gaba ne na tsarin da ya gabata.Kodayake ingancin kayan cakulan bayan niƙa ya kai ga abin da ake buƙata, ba a lubricated sosai ba kuma dandano bai gamsar ba.Har yanzu ba a haɗa abubuwa daban-daban ba zuwa wani dandano na musamman.Wasu dandano mara kyau har yanzu suna nan, don haka ana buƙatar ƙarin gyare-gyare.
Rudolph Lindt (wanda ya kafa Lindt 5 grams) ne ya kirkiro wannan fasaha a ƙarshen karni na 19.Dalilin da ya sa ake kiransa "Conching" shine saboda asalin tanki ne mai da'ira mai siffa kamar harsashi.Ana kiran sunan conche (conche) daga Spanish "concha", wanda ke nufin harsashi.Ana sake jujjuya kayan ruwan cakulan da abin nadi na dogon lokaci a cikin irin wannan tanki, turawa da gogewa don samun lubricant mai laushi, ƙamshi mai ƙanshi da ɗanɗano na musamman, ana kiran wannan tsari "niƙa da sakewa"
Yayin tsaftacewa, ana iya ƙara kayan taimako daban-daban.
Chocolate Conching Machine
Ba tare da la'akari da dandano da jin daɗin ɗanɗanon da waɗancan na'urorin haɗe-haɗe suke kawowa ba, bin ainihin ɗanɗanon ɗanɗano na halitta tsantsar cakulan duhu da alama ya fi sauƙi a zaɓin injina da matakai.Yawancin ƙananan tarurruka na iya amfani da melanger don kammala aikin.Lokaci ne kawai da ƙoƙari.
Melanger
DanyeMaterialPja da baya
Domin daidaitawa da buƙatun fasaha na samar da cakulan da kuma sauƙaƙe samar da hadawa, wasu albarkatun ƙasa suna buƙatar riga-kafi.
- Maganin shan barasa da man koko Barasa da man koko, kayan marmari ne masu ƙarfi a cikin ɗaki, don haka sai a narke su kafin a haɗa su da sauran kayan abinci kafin a ci abinci.Ana iya yin narkewa a cikin kayan dumama da narkewa kamar tukwane na sanwici ko tankunan adana zafi.Zazzabi yayin narkewa kada ya wuce 60°C. Ya kamata a rage lokacin riƙewa bayan narkewa kamar yadda zai yiwu kuma kada ya yi tsayi da yawa.Don hanzarta saurin narkewa, ya kamata a yanke babban kayan albarkatun ƙasa zuwa kananan guda a gaba, sannan a narke.
2. Sugar pretreatment Pure da bushe crystallized sugar ne kullum crushed da ƙasa a cikin powdered sugar kafin a gauraye da sauran cakulan albarkatun kasa, sabõda haka, don mafi alhẽri Mix tare da sauran albarkatun kasa, inganta yin amfani da ya dace da lafiya nika kayan aiki da kuma tsawanta da sabis rayuwa. kayan aiki.rayuwar sabis.
Gabaɗaya akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan sukari iri biyu: ɗaya injin niƙa ne, ɗayan kuma injin diski mai haƙori.Aikin niƙa yana kunshe da hopper, mai ba da dunƙulewa, injin guduma, allo, akwatin foda, da injin lantarki..Ana niƙa sukarin da aka ƙulla a cikin foda na sukari ta hanyar juyawa mai sauri na kan guduma, sannan a aika shi ta sieve tare da takamaiman adadin raga.Ragon sieve da aka saba amfani da shi shine 0.6 ~ 0.8mm, kuma matsakaicin ƙarfin samarwa shine 150 ~ 200kg/h.Na'urar niƙa mai haƙori ta ƙunshi diski mai jujjuyawa mai jujjuyawar haƙori da kafaffen fayafai mai ɗagawa.Sugar yana faɗuwa cikin babban diski mai jujjuyawar haƙori kuma yana shafa akan kafaffen faifan haƙori a ƙarƙashin tasiri mai tsanani.Nika shi a cikin powdered sugar kuma aika ta sieve.Matsakaicin ƙarfin samarwa shine kusan 400kg / h.
Bugu da kari, Kamfanin Ruitubuler ya taba gabatar da cewa sabuwar hanyar nika mai matakai biyu na iya rage yawan man shanun koko da kusan kashi 1.5 zuwa 3% yayin da ake hada sukari da sauran danyen cakulan ba tare da an gyara ba, wanda ya fi dacewa da nika mai kyau da tacewa.
Wannan tsari mai rikitarwa yana buƙatar babban masana'anta da tsarin tace cakulan.
Chocolate refining tsarin
3. Haɗawa, niƙa mai kyau da tacewa
(1) gauraye
Lokacin samar da cakulan, abu na farko da za a yi shine a haɗa nau'o'in cakulan iri-iri, irin su koko, foda, koko, man shanu, sukari da madara, da dai sauransu, a cikin miya na cakulan iri ɗaya.Samar da wannan cakulan miya ana yin shi ta hanyar mahaɗa.Ee, na'urar mahaɗar ta haɗa da ayyukan haɗawa, ƙwanƙwasa, ƙididdigewa da ciyarwa.Dangane da dabarar, bayan ƙididdigewa da ciyarwa, an haɗa shi don samar da taro mai santsi.Man shanu na koko ya zama ci gaba mai ci gaba kuma yana tarwatse a tsakanin sauran kayan.Haɗa nau'ikan sinadarai iri-iri daidai da samar da yanayi mai kyau don aikin yau da kullun na mai tacewa
Akwai nau'ikan mahaɗa guda biyu: ɗaya shine ƙwanƙwasa igiya biyu, ɗayan kuma nau'in kullu mai nau'in Z mai hannu biyu.Akwai jerin ganyayen kyaututtuka masu karkata akan kowane sandar ƙwanƙwasa mai-shaft biyu.Rago biyu suna jujjuyawa a hanya guda.Ana shigar da ganyen kyaututtukan akan ramukan biyu a madadin su a cikin ganyen kyaututtuka na rafin da ke kusa.Akwai wani tazara wajen gabatowa da fita.Ta wannan hanyar, ana samar da kwarara mai siffa mai siffa.Kayan yana gudana a layi daya da axis tare da bangon tukunyar mai kneader.Duk lokacin da ya kai ƙarshen bangon tukunyar, jagorar kwarara za ta canza ba zato ba tsammani, wanda zai iya tabbatar da aiki mai sauri na kayan gaba ɗaya.Tsabtace daidaitaccen kwarara yana haifar da motsi mai karkace na abu tsakanin shaft da ganyen kyauta
Duk masu ƙwanƙwasa suna da na'urorin rufewa na tsaka-tsaki don tabbatar da yawan zafin jiki yayin haɗuwa da ƙulluwa, da kuma na'urori masu ƙididdigewa.Ana shigar da silo ko tankuna don sukari, foda madara, barasa koko da man shanun koko kusa da ƙwanƙwasa.Aunawar ciyarwa da ƙididdigewa na iya tabbatar da daidaiton abubuwan sinadaran.Bayan an gama haɗawa, ana aika shi zuwa tsari na gaba ta hanyar ci gaba da ciyarwa.Gabaɗayan tsarin ciyarwa, haɗawa da ciyarwa ana iya sarrafa su ta wurin ma'aikatar kula da hannu ko kuma sarrafa ta tsarin kwamfuta.
(2) nika mai kyau
Lokacin da aka yi amfani da foda da sukari a cikin sinadaran, za a iya ciyar da cakulan cakulan kai tsaye zuwa mai tacewa mai nadi biyar bayan an haɗa shi.Idan ana amfani da sukari don haɗawa kai tsaye tare da sauran kayan albarkatun cakulan, ana buƙatar a fara fara niƙa ko a niƙa, sannan a niƙa sosai., wato hanyar niƙa ta mataki biyu na sama na iya rage adadin man shanu na koko da 1.5 ~ 3% lokacin da ake hada kayan cakulan, kuma adadin mai ya ragu, musamman saboda saman filin sukari na crystalline ya fi wannan. na powdered sugar.Finer da powdered sugar, da ya fi girma da surface area , da karin mai da aka ci gaba da tarwatsa a cikin ta dubawa, don haka biyu-mataki nika iya ajiye mai.
Dangane da abubuwan da ake buƙata na aikin niƙa, ana buƙatar jimillar kitsen da ke cikin cakuɗen miya ya zama kusan kashi 25%, don haka adadin kitsen da aka ƙara ya kamata a sarrafa shi yayin haɗuwa don kada miya ɗin cakulan ya bushe ko rigar sosai. don tabbatar da cewa silinda na azurfa ya kasance na al'ada yayin tafiyar nika.
Ana aika miya ta cakulan da aka haɗe zuwa hopper na firamare na farko ta hanyar screw conveyor, ko kuma kai tsaye aika zuwa injin niƙa na farko ta hanyar bel mai ɗaukar nauyi.Na'urar niƙa ta farko ko ta lallauyi suna da na'urar abinci ta atomatik da na'urar da ke hana injin bushewa da haifar da lalacewa.Firamare injin niƙa ne mai ɗagawa biyu, kuma injin mai kyau na'ura ce mai juzu'i biyar wacce za'a iya haɗa shi a jeri don niƙa mai kyau, wanda ba wai kawai yana rage yawan man da ake amfani da shi ba, har ma da kunkuntar da ƙananan miya bayan premier. -nika ya fi dacewa da niƙa na'urar nadi biyar da bushewar tacewa.
Gabaɗaya, fineness na cakulan abu kafin nika ne game da 100-150um, da taro diamita na cakulan slurry bayan lafiya nika ake bukata ya zama 15-35um.Kamfanonin da ke da cakulan mai kyau gabaɗaya suna amfani da matatar nadi biyar, wanda ke da babban fitarwa da kauri iri ɗaya.Fitowar injin mirgine biyar ya bambanta da tsayin abin nadi, kuma ana ƙididdige ƙirar bisa ga tsawon aiki na abin nadi.Samfuran sune 900, 1300 da 1800, kuma tsawon aikin nadi shine 900mm, 1300mm da 1800mm.400mm, kamar model 1300, lokacin da cakulan fineness ne 18-20um, da fitarwa ne 900-1200kg / hr.
(3) Tace
Haɗaɗɗen canje-canjen jiki da sinadarai a cikin kayan cakulan yayin aikin tacewa har yanzu ba a fahimci cikakkiyar fahimta ba.Sabili da haka, yawancin masana'antun cakulan a cikin duniya har yanzu suna la'akari da shi a matsayin wani sirri mai zurfi, amma rawar da tsarin tsaftacewa da canje-canje a cikin kayan cakulan suna da mahimmanci.a fili.
Gyara yana da sakamako masu zuwa: an ƙara rage danshi na kayan cakulan, kuma an cire ragowar acid maras amfani da ba dole ba a cikin miya na koko;an rage danko na kayan cakulan, an inganta yawan ruwa na kayan, kuma an inganta launi na kayan cakulan.Canje-canje a cikin ɗanɗano, ƙamshi da ɗanɗano suna ƙara sanya kayan cakulan mafi kyau da santsi.
Tsarin tsaftacewa da hanyar
Hanyar tsaftace cakulan ya sami babban sauye-sauye tare da ci gaban samarwa.Don inganta aikin tsaftacewa da kuma samun mafi kyawun dandano cakulan da dandano, an ci gaba da inganta hanyar tsaftacewa da ingantawa, kuma an fi son hanyar tsaftace lokaci, zafin jiki, bushewar bushewa da tsaftacewa.Iri:
lokacin tacewa
A cikin hanyar gyaran gyare-gyare na gargajiya, kayan cakulan yana cikin yanayin ruwa a yanayin zafin jiki don tsaftacewa na dogon lokaci, wanda ke ɗaukar sa'o'i 48 zuwa 72, kuma tsarin samarwa yana da tsawo.Yadda za a gajarta zagayowar da kiyaye ingancin asali baya canzawa shine na'urar tacewa ta zamani ta amfani da busasshen tace ruwa.A sakamakon haka, ana iya rage lokacin tacewa zuwa sa'o'i 24 zuwa 48.An kuma ba da shawarar cewa kayan koko za a iya riga-kafi ta hanyar haifuwa, deacidification, alkalization, haɓaka ƙanshi da gasa, wanda shine abin da ake kira PDAT reactor, kuma ana iya rage lokacin tacewa da rabi.Duk da haka, lokacin tacewa har yanzu yana da mahimmanci wajen kiyaye ingancin cakulan, kuma ana buƙatar wani lokaci don saduwa da dandano mai laushi da laushi na cakulan.Nau'in cakulan daban-daban na buƙatar lokacin tacewa daban-daban.Misali, cakulan madara yana buƙatar ɗan gajeren lokacin tacewa na kimanin sa'o'i 24, yayin da cakulan duhu tare da babban abun ciki na koko yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo na tacewa, kimanin sa'o'i 48.
Zazzabi mai tacewa
Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu a cikin sarrafa zafin jiki na tsarin tacewa: ɗayan yana tacewa a ƙananan zafin jiki na 45-55 ° C, wanda ake kira "sanyi conching", ɗayan kuma yana tacewa a ƙananan zafin jiki na 70-80. °C, wanda ake kira "zafi conching".Refining (Hot Conching)" Wadannan hanyoyi guda biyu na tacewa ana iya amfani da su akan nau'ikan cakulan daban-daban kamar cakulan duhu da cakulan madara. Amma gabaɗaya cakulan cakulan ana tacewa a 45-50 ° C, yayin da cakulan duhu yana tace a 60-70 °. C. Lokacin da aka tace cakulan madara a 50 ° C, abin da ke cikin ruwa yana raguwa a hankali daga 1.6-2.0% zuwa 0.6-0.8%, kuma raguwa a cikin jimlar abun ciki na acid ma kadan ne , Ana iya samun cigaba a cikin danko kuma za'a iya rage lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi a lokacin da aka haɓaka yawan zafin jiki daga 50 ° C zuwa 65 ° C, sakamakon yana inganta ƙanshi, danko da kitsen mai, ba tare da tasiri na musamman na cakulan cakulan ba. Don haka, tace cakulan madara a ƙasa da 60 ° C ba tattalin arziki ba ne kuma ba ma'ana ba ne, kuma ƙasashen Turai gabaɗaya suna ɗaukar yanayin zafi mai yawa.
Hanyar tacewa
Hanyar tacewa ta samo asali daga tace ruwa zuwa bushe, tace ruwa da bushewa, filastik, tace ruwa ta hanyoyi uku:
Gyaran ruwa:
Wanda kuma aka sani da refining lokaci mai ruwa.A lokacin aikin tsaftacewa, ana adana kayan cakulan koyaushe a cikin yanayin ruwa a ƙarƙashin dumama da adana zafi.Ta hanyar motsa jiki na dogon lokaci na rollers, kayan cakulan ana shafa su akai-akai kuma ana juya su zuwa hulɗa tare da iska na waje, don rage danshi, dacin ya ɓace a hankali, kuma an sami cikakkiyar ƙanshin cakulan.A lokaci guda, cakulan iri-iri ne Narke yana sa man shanu na koko ya zama fim ɗin maiko a kusa da kowane nau'i mai kyau, yana inganta lubricity da narkewa.Wannan ita ce hanyar gyaran gargajiya ta asali, wacce ba kasafai ake amfani da ita a yanzu ba.
Bushewa da tace ruwa:
A cikin aikin tsaftacewa, kayan cakulan suna tafiya ta matakai biyu a jere, wato, yanayin bushewa da matakin ruwa, wato, matakai biyu na bushewa da tsaftace ruwa tare.Na farko, jimillar kitse a cikin busasshen lokaci yana tsakanin 25% da 26%, kuma an tsabtace shi a cikin foda.Wannan matakin shine galibi don ƙara juzu'i, juyawa da sausaya don daidaita ruwa da abubuwa masu canzawa.A mataki na biyu, ana ƙara mai da phospholipids da kuma tsaftace su a cikin yanayin ruwa don ƙara haɓaka kayan aiki, yin plasmid karami da laushi, da inganta ƙanshi da dandano.
Refining a matakai uku: bushe lokaci, filastik lokaci da ruwa lokaci:
Matsayin bushewar bushewa: raguwar danshi da mahaɗan da ba'a so kamar acid masu canzawa, aldehydes, da ketones da suka rage a cikin kokon koko zuwa matakin da ya dace ba tare da shafar dandanon cakulan ƙarshe ba.
Matakin tace robobi: Baya ga kawar da kayan da ba su da yawa, yana sake haifar da tasirin inganta ingancin bakin kamar gyaran al'ada.
Matsayin gyaran lokaci na ruwa: mataki na ƙarshe na tsaftacewa, don ƙara inganta tasirin gyaran fuska na mataki na baya, da kuma samar da dandano mafi dacewa a ƙarƙashin mafi kyawun ruwa.
Bayan an gama wannan mataki, miya ɗin cakulan ya zama mai kyau kuma yana mai mai, yana da ƙamshi, kuma yana da haske.Ana iya amfani da shi don dumama, zafin jiki, gyare-gyare ko yin wasu kayan zaki na cakulan zaki.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-28-2022